PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME(PMS) PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get after ovulation and before the start of their menstrual period. Researchers think that PMS happens in the days after ovulation because estrogen and progesterone levels begin falling dramatically if you are not pregnant. PMS symptoms go away within a few days after a woman’s period starts as hormone levels begin rising again. Some women get their periods without any signs of PMS or only very mild symptoms. For others, PMS symptoms may be so severe that it makes it hard to do everyday activities like go to work or school. PMS goes away when you no longer get a period, such as after menopause. After pregnancy, PMS might come back. PMS is a very common condition. Its symptoms affect more than 90 percent of menstruating women. PMS symptoms start five to 11 days before menstruation and typically go away once menstruation begins. Levels of estrogen and progesterone increase during certain times of the month. An increase in these hormones can cause mood swings, anxiety and irritability. Serotonin levels affect mood. Serotonin is a chemical in your brain and gut that affects your moods, emotions, and thoughts. RISK FACTORS Risk factors for premenstrual syndrome include: a history of depression or mood disorders, such as postpartum depression. a family history of PMS a family history of depression domestic violence. SYMPTONS OF PMS PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts Constipation or diarrhea Bloating or a gassy feeling Cramping Headache or backache Clumsiness Lower tolerance for noise or light EMOTIONAL OR MENTAL SYMPTONS of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior Feeling tired Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little) Appetite changes or food cravings Trouble with concentration or memory Tension or anxiety Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells Mood swings Less interest in sex To be continued ...... Dr Nandini